Overview
Researchers are exploring how artificial intelligence (AI) can improve the identification and monitoring of potential pandemic threats. A recent commentary in The Lancet Infectious Diseases emphasizes the integration of AI with the One Health approach to enhance predictive capabilities.
Key Insights
- AI alone cannot prevent pandemics, but it can significantly enhance existing methods and knowledge.
- Professor Frank Møller Aarestrup from the DTU National Food Institute in Denmark highlights the importance of integrating data from humans, animals, and the environment for better preparedness.
- Professor Marion Koopmans from Erasmus Medical Centre warns that controlling diseases once they start spreading is extremely challenging.
Importance of Early Detection
Detecting new pathogens before they establish themselves is crucial. The authors note that interventions can be drastic, as seen during the COVID-19 pandemic. Early detection can prevent new diseases from becoming persistent challenges.
Collaboration and Data Utilization
The commentary is co-authored by experts from various institutions, including Eötvös Loránd University in Hungary and the University of Bologna in Italy. They emphasize the need for a collaborative approach to emerging disease preparedness through the VEO consortium, which focuses on developing data-driven tools for tracking infectious diseases.
Challenges of Spillover Events
Many pathogens originate in animals, making it unpredictable when they will spill over to humans. Factors such as climate change and human encroachment into natural habitats increase the risk of these spillover events. The authors liken spillovers to sparks that can either extinguish or ignite uncontrollable fires.
AI’s Role in Surveillance
AI can analyze large datasets from various sources, including climate data, land use, and population movements, to identify patterns that indicate potential risks. This capability allows for targeted surveillance in specific geographic areas and animal species.
Metagenomic Sequencing
Once hotspots are identified, metagenomic sequencing can be employed to detect both known and unknown pathogens. This method analyzes genetic material from various sources, providing insights into a wide range of microorganisms.
Future Directions
The authors conclude that while AI presents exciting opportunities for enhancing pandemic preparedness, it should complement traditional surveillance and research methods rather than replace them. The integration of AI into public health strategies is essential for proactive responses to emerging health threats.