โก Quick Summary
This review article explores the complex pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, and highlights the urgent need for personalized treatment strategies. With a significant percentage of patients not responding to current therapies, the study emphasizes emerging therapeutic approaches such as ROS modulators and AI-assisted therapy.
๐ Key Details
- ๐ Focus: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) – Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC)
- ๐ Incidence: Rising globally, especially in newly industrialized regions
- โ๏ธ Challenges: 30%-40% of patients show non-response to existing therapies
- ๐งฌ Pathogenesis: Immune dysregulation, barrier damage, microbiota dysbiosis, ROS imbalance
- ๐ฌ Emerging strategies: ROS modulators, immune-targeted therapies, microbiota interventions
๐ Key Takeaways
- ๐ IBD is a major public health concern affecting quality of life and healthcare systems.
- ๐ก Current treatments often fail, with significant side effects and non-responsiveness.
- ๐งฌ Pathological mechanisms include immune dysregulation and environmental factors.
- ๐ค AI-assisted therapy and multi-omics approaches are promising for personalized medicine.
- ๐ฑ Microbiota-directed interventions may offer new avenues for treatment.
- ๐ Transitioning from generalized therapies to precision medicine is crucial.
๐ Background
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) encompass a range of chronic conditions characterized by intestinal inflammation. These disorders, primarily Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, have seen a troubling rise in incidence, particularly in regions undergoing rapid industrialization. The complexity of IBD is underscored by its heterogeneous nature, affecting individuals of all ages with varying clinical manifestations. As the burden on healthcare systems increases, there is a pressing need for more effective and individualized treatment strategies.
๐๏ธ Study
The review article provides a comprehensive overview of the pathological mechanisms underlying IBD, including factors such as intestinal mucosal immune dysregulation, damage to the intestinal barrier, and the role of gut microbiota. The authors also discuss the challenges faced in clinical treatment, where a significant proportion of patients do not respond to existing therapies, necessitating innovative approaches to management.
๐ Results
The findings highlight that 30%-40% of patients with IBD experience either primary or secondary non-response to current therapeutic regimens, including biologics and small-molecule drugs. Furthermore, prolonged use of these treatments can lead to considerable side effects, emphasizing the need for new strategies that can enhance treatment efficacy and safety.
๐ Impact and Implications
The implications of this review are significant for both patients and healthcare providers. By identifying the limitations of traditional therapies and exploring emerging strategies such as ROS modulators and AI-assisted therapy, the field is poised for a transformative shift towards personalized precision medicine. This could lead to improved patient outcomes and a reduction in the healthcare burden associated with IBD.
๐ฎ Conclusion
This review underscores the urgent need for advancements in the understanding and treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. By bridging the gap between basic research and clinical practice, we can move towards more effective, individualized therapies that address the unique challenges faced by IBD patients. The future of IBD management looks promising with the integration of innovative therapeutic approaches and technologies.
๐ฌ Your comments
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Inflammatory bowel diseases: pathological mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives.
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseaseย (IBD) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized primarily by chronic relapsing intestinal inflammation, encompassing Crohn’s diseaseย (CD) and ulcerative colitisย (UC), affecting individuals across age groups with variable clinical manifestations. With the advancement of global industrialization, its incidence continues to rise, particularly in newly industrialized regions, which not only severely impairs patients’ quality of life but also emerges as a major public health concern threatening digestive system health, accompanied by a substantial healthcare burden, thus necessitating the development of more effective and safer individualized treatment strategies. This review summarizes the pathogenesis of IBD, including intestinal mucosal immune dysregulation, intestinal barrier damage, gut microbiota dysbiosis, reactive oxygen speciesย (ROS) homeostasis imbalance, and the complex crosstalk between genetic and environmental factors; however, clinical treatment still faces numerous challenges: 30%-40% of patients exhibit primary or secondary non-response to existing therapeutic regimens such as biologics and small-molecule drugs, and prolonged administration tends to induce significant side effects. Further integrated herein are emerging strategies such as ROS modulators, novel immune-targeted modulation, intestinal barrier repair agents, microbiota-directed interventions, multi-omics-based precision medicine, and artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted therapy, which represent key directions to address the limitations of traditional treatments. This article begins with an overview of basic pathological mechanisms and offers a comprehensive overview of relevant therapeutic approaches and future development directions, aiming to facilitate the transition of the field from traditional generalized therapies to personalized precision medicine and to bridge the long-standing gap between basic research and clinical practice.
Author: [‘Yang X’, ‘Guo H’, ‘Zou M’]
Journal: Mol Biomed
Citation: Yang X, et al. Inflammatory bowel diseases: pathological mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives. Inflammatory bowel diseases: pathological mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives. 2026; 7:2. doi: 10.1186/s43556-025-00395-z