โก Quick Summary
This critical review evaluates various analytical methods for detecting Sildenafil and its metabolites, highlighting the importance of robust techniques in clinical and environmental contexts. The study emphasizes that while chromatography remains the gold standard, emerging technologies like artificial intelligence could enhance detection capabilities.
๐ Key Details
- ๐ Focus: Analytical methods for Sildenafil and its metabolites
- ๐งช Techniques reviewed: Chromatographic, spectroscopic, and electrochemical methods
- ๐ฑ Sample preparation: Protein precipitation, liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction
- ๐ Benchmark methods: High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)
๐ Key Takeaways
- ๐ฌ Chromatography is recognized for its high sensitivity and selectivity in detecting Sildenafil.
- ๐ก Spectroscopic and electrochemical methods offer rapid, cost-effective alternatives but have limitations in ultra-trace detection.
- โ ๏ธ Challenges include instability of Sildenafil, complex sample matrices, and high costs of advanced tools.
- ๐ Green chemistry principles are being integrated to reduce solvent use and environmental impact.
- ๐ค AI and machine learning are poised to play significant roles in data evaluation and method optimization.
- ๐ Future directions include automation and miniaturization for field applications.
- ๐ Regulatory aspects of Sildenafil detection are crucial for ensuring safety and efficacy.
๐ Background
Sildenafil, a selective phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, is widely used in treating erectile dysfunction. Its increasing presence in counterfeit supplements and environmental samples has raised concerns, necessitating the development of reliable analytical methods. This review aims to address the current landscape of detection techniques and their implications in various fields.
๐๏ธ Study
The review encompasses a comprehensive analysis of articles sourced from major scientific databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. It evaluates the principles, merits, and challenges of various analytical methodologies, focusing on their application in pharmaceutical, biological, and environmental research.
๐ Results
The findings indicate that chromatography, particularly HPLC and LC-MS, continues to set the benchmark for Sildenafil detection due to its unmatched sensitivity and selectivity. In contrast, while spectroscopic and electrochemical methods present rapid alternatives, they struggle with ultra-trace detection capabilities. The review also identifies several key challenges, including the instability of Sildenafil and the complexity of sample matrices.
๐ Impact and Implications
The insights from this review could significantly influence the future of Sildenafil detection, particularly in clinical and environmental settings. By integrating advanced technologies and green chemistry principles, we can enhance the sustainability and accessibility of analytical methods. The potential incorporation of AI and machine learning could further revolutionize data analysis and method optimization, paving the way for improved regulatory compliance and safety assessments.
๐ฎ Conclusion
This critical review underscores the importance of developing robust analytical methods for Sildenafil and its metabolites. As we move forward, embracing innovative technologies and sustainable practices will be essential in addressing the challenges associated with Sildenafil detection. The future looks promising, with the potential for enhanced accuracy and efficiency in both clinical and environmental applications.
๐ฌ Your comments
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A Critical Review of Analytical Methods for Sildenafil and Its Metabolites.
Abstract
Sildenafil (SIL), a selective phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, has gained popularity in the clinical management of erectile dysfunction and is being detected more frequently in counterfeit supplements and in environmental samples, which has driven the need for robust analytical techniques. The reviewed articles were retrieved from major scientific databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and PubMed, and were limited to English-language publications. This review will evaluate chromatographic, spectroscopic, and electrochemical methodologies, along with sample preparation techniques (protein precipitation, liquid-liquid extraction, and solid-phase extraction), and will account for their principles, merits, and challenges in the pharmaceutical, biological, and environmental research spaces. Overall, chromatography, particularly high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, will continue to provide the benchmark for detection due to its extremely high sensitivity, selectivity, and capacity. Meanwhile, spectroscopic and electrochemical methods could potentially offer rapid, relatively low-cost alternatives, but they exhibit limited ultra-trace detection capacity. Nevertheless, several key challenges remain with SIL, including instability, complex sample matrices, and the high cost or limited accessibility of advanced analytical tools. Emerging directions will involve integrating green chemistry principles to lessen solvent use and impact, while advancing automation and miniaturized platforms for field applications. In parallel with these perspectives, artificial intelligence, machine learning, or similar approaches could become crucial players in data evaluation, pattern recognition, and predictive modeling, accelerating method optimization and increasing accuracy in complex matrices. Together, these issues could revolutionize the assessment of sustainability, accessibility, clinical, and regulatory aspects of SIL.
Author: [‘Barzani HAH’, ‘Anwar Omer R’, ‘Salih Barzani KI’, ‘Jawhar ZH’, ‘Sulaiman SH’]
Journal: Crit Rev Anal Chem
Citation: Barzani HAH, et al. A Critical Review of Analytical Methods for Sildenafil and Its Metabolites. A Critical Review of Analytical Methods for Sildenafil and Its Metabolites. 2026; (unknown volume):1-35. doi: 10.1080/10408347.2025.2611097