⚡ Quick Summary
This comprehensive narrative review explores the role of genetics, epigenetics, microbiome, and artificial intelligence (AI) in the precision medicine approach to managing hypertension (HTN), which affects approximately 1.28 billion individuals worldwide. The integration of these factors could lead to more personalized treatment plans, although further research is needed to ensure safety and efficacy.
🔍 Key Details
- 📊 Population Impact: 1.28 billion individuals affected by hypertension globally
- 🧬 Key Genes: ACE, NOS3, ADD1, CYP11B2, NPPA, NPPB
- 🧬 Epigenetic Factors: miRNA-155, miRNA-210, miRNA-122
- 🦠 Microbiome Modulation: Techniques include oral supplements, fecal microbiota transplant (FMT), and dietary interventions
- 🤖 AI Applications: Personalized diet plans based on microbiome and genomic data
🔑 Key Takeaways
- 🌱 Genetics and epigenetics play a crucial role in blood pressure regulation.
- 🧬 Polymorphisms in key genes can lead to hypertension.
- 🧪 Epigenetic modifications can be targeted for gene editing and therapy.
- 🦠 Gut microbiome modulation is a promising and safe technique for managing hypertension.
- 🤖 AI-based models can curate personalized treatment plans, improving health outcomes.
- ⚖️ Ethical concerns regarding AI integration include data privacy and bias.
- 🔍 Further research is needed to validate these techniques in human models.
- 🔄 Shift from one-size-fits-all to personalized treatment plans is essential for effective hypertension management.
📚 Background
Hypertension is a significant global health issue, affecting a vast number of individuals and contributing to various cardiovascular diseases. Traditional treatment approaches often follow a one-size-fits-all model, which may not be effective for everyone. The advent of precision medicine, which tailors treatment based on individual genetic, epigenetic, and microbiome profiles, offers a promising alternative to enhance patient outcomes.
🗒️ Study
This narrative review conducted a thorough literature search across multiple databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar, to gather insights on the roles of genetics, epigenetics, microbiome, and AI in hypertension management. The study highlights the potential of these factors to revolutionize treatment strategies and improve patient care.
📈 Results
The findings indicate that specific genes significantly influence blood pressure regulation, and epigenetic factors can either exacerbate or mitigate hypertension risk. Moreover, the modulation of the gut microbiome has shown promising results in managing hypertension safely. AI technologies have also demonstrated the ability to create personalized diet plans that lead to reductions in body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and heart rate, while enhancing overall cardiac health.
🌍 Impact and Implications
The integration of genetics, epigenetics, microbiome, and AI into hypertension management could transform the current healthcare landscape. By moving towards personalized treatment plans, healthcare providers can offer more effective interventions tailored to individual patient needs. However, addressing ethical concerns and ensuring the safety of these innovative approaches will be crucial for their successful implementation in clinical settings.
🔮 Conclusion
This review underscores the potential of precision medicine in managing hypertension through the integration of cutting-edge technologies and biological insights. While the promise of personalized treatment is exciting, further research is essential to validate these approaches and address the ethical challenges associated with AI in healthcare. The future of hypertension management looks promising, and ongoing studies will be vital in shaping effective strategies.
💬 Your comments
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A comprehensive narrative review on precision medicine approach to hypertension: exploring the role of genetics, epigenetics, microbiome, and artificial intelligence.
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) impacts approximately 1.28 billion individuals globally and poses a great burden of disease. The objectives of this study are to explore the role of genetics, epigenetics, microbiome, and artificial intelligence (AI) in the management of HTN. A thorough literature search was conducted across various databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science (WoS), and Medline to retrieve articles related to the role of genetics, epigenetics, microbiome, and AI in the precision medicine of HTN. Genes-including ACE, NOS3, ADD1, CYP11B2, NPPA, and NPPB-have a profound impact on blood pressure (BP) regulation in our body and polymorphism in these key genes can lead to HTN. Up or down-regulation of genes by epigenetic factors such as miRNA-155, miRNA-210, and miRNA-122 can significantly contribute to the development of HTN. These genetic and epigenetic factors can also be used as specific targets for gene editing and gene therapy for long-term management of HTN. However, the implementation of these techniques has not been possible in clinical settings due to lack of human studies and safety concerns related to unpredictable DNA alterations, nucleotide deletions, and loss of allele-specific chromosomes. Modulation of gut microbiome through oral supplements, fecal microbiota transplant (FMT), and dietary interventions has emerged as one the most effective and safe techniques for managing HTN in human models. AI-based cutting-edge models have helped curate personalized diet plans based on an individual’s unique microbiome, genomic information, and physiological conditions leading to a reduction in BMI, fat, BP, and heart rate while improving overall cardiac health and gut microbial diversity. Despite the significant advantages offered by AI-based medicine, ethical concerns-related to data privacy, bias, and discrimination-and ineffective models have led to limited integration of AI in precision medicine of HTN. The integration of genetics, epigenetics, microbiome, and AI-based models can play a key role in improving the current landscape of precision medicine of HTN. These cutting-edge techniques can lead to a shift from the current one-size-fits all approach to more personalized treatment plan however further research in human models is needed to determine the safety and true efficacy of these techniques. Additionally, new AI-models need to be developed that address ethical concerns and are effective in real-world clinical settings.
Author: [‘Sami A’, ‘Ashraf R’, ‘Nisar S’, ‘Mustehsan ZH’, ‘Javed MA’, ‘Ozsahin DU’, ‘Waheed Y’]
Journal: J Health Popul Nutr
Citation: Sami A, et al. A comprehensive narrative review on precision medicine approach to hypertension: exploring the role of genetics, epigenetics, microbiome, and artificial intelligence. A comprehensive narrative review on precision medicine approach to hypertension: exploring the role of genetics, epigenetics, microbiome, and artificial intelligence. 2025; 44:394. doi: 10.1186/s41043-025-01058-z