โก Quick Summary
This study presents a comprehensive Framework for Artificial Intelligence Implementation Research in Healthcare (FAIIR-H), synthesizing existing knowledge on the barriers and facilitators to AI adoption in clinical settings. The framework identifies 12 domains and 63 constructs across five key themes, aiming to enhance the systematic evaluation of AI technologies in healthcare.
๐ Key Details
- ๐ Study Period: Articles published from January 2020 to May 2024
- ๐ Methodology: Scoping literature review and snowball sampling
- ๐ Framework Components: 12 domains and 63 constructs
- ๐ Key Themes: Design and Development, Organization and Culture, Deployment and Maintenance, Quality and Safety, Equity
๐ Key Takeaways
- ๐ AI adoption in healthcare faces numerous barriers that need addressing.
- ๐ก The FAIIR-H framework consolidates existing knowledge to guide future implementation efforts.
- ๐งฉ Five key themes were identified, focusing on various aspects of AI integration.
- ๐ฅ Quality and Safety and Equity are emphasized as overarching themes in AI implementation.
- ๐ Systematic evaluation of AI technologies is crucial for successful integration into clinical practice.
- ๐ค Stakeholder buy-in is essential for fostering a culture of readiness and resource allocation.
- โ๏ธ User-centered design is highlighted as a critical factor for successful deployment.
- ๐ The framework aims to enhance healthcare delivery through informed AI implementation strategies.

๐ Background
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into healthcare has the potential to transform patient care and operational efficiency. However, despite the proliferation of AI models, many remain underutilized in clinical practice. Understanding the barriers and facilitators to AI implementation is essential for maximizing its benefits in healthcare settings.
๐๏ธ Study
This research involved a thorough scoping literature review, focusing on articles published between January 2020 and May 2024. The authors utilized snowball sampling to identify additional relevant frameworks, ultimately consolidating constructs and domains across various theories through affinity diagramming. The resulting FAIIR-H framework serves as a guide for future implementation evaluation and planning.
๐ Results
The final framework comprises 12 domains and 63 constructs categorized into five themes: Design and Development, Organization and Culture, and Deployment and Maintenance, with Quality and Safety and Equity as overarching themes. This comprehensive approach aims to address the multifaceted challenges of AI adoption in healthcare.
๐ Impact and Implications
The findings from this study are poised to significantly impact the future of AI in healthcare. By providing a structured framework, stakeholders can better navigate the complexities of AI implementation, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes and enhanced healthcare delivery. The emphasis on equity and quality ensures that AI technologies are not only effective but also accessible to diverse populations.
๐ฎ Conclusion
The FAIIR-H framework represents a critical step forward in understanding and facilitating the implementation of AI in healthcare. By synthesizing current evidence on barriers and enablers, this framework can guide the development of tailored implementation plans, paving the way for a more effective integration of AI technologies in clinical practice. The future of healthcare looks promising with the continued evolution of AI!
๐ฌ Your comments
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Framework for artificial intelligence implementation research in healthcare: synthesizing current evidence on barriers and facilitators.
Abstract
There is a growing number of artificial intelligence (AI) models; however, few have made it into routine clinical practice to date. We describe the synthesis of existing knowledge on the barriers to AI implementation in healthcare settings into a consolidated theoretical Framework for Artificial Intelligence Implementation Research in Healthcare (FAIIR-H) to help guide future implementation evaluation and planning. We undertook a scoping literature review; elevant articles published between 01/2020 to 05/2024 were retrieved from Medline, Embase and Web of Science. Additional relevant frameworks were then identified through snowball sampling. Constructs and domains were consolidated across theories using affinity diagramming. The final consolidated framework included 12 domains and 63 constructs across five themes: Design and Development (data, model performance, design, regulation), Organization and Culture (resources, readiness, buy-in), and Deployment and Maintenance (integration, user-centredness, maintenance), with Quality and Safety, and Equity as separate, overarching themes. The findings of this work will help to guide the development of implementation plans tailored to current evidence on known barriers and enablers of adoption, and guide the systematic evaluation of the implementation of AI-driven technologies in healthcare settings.
Author: [‘Powis M’, ‘Ladak AM’, ‘Lakey A’, ‘Grant RC’, ‘Krzyzanowska MK’, ‘Peterson E’, ‘Juliao K’]
Journal: NPJ Digit Med
Citation: Powis M, et al. Framework for artificial intelligence implementation research in healthcare: synthesizing current evidence on barriers and facilitators. Framework for artificial intelligence implementation research in healthcare: synthesizing current evidence on barriers and facilitators. 2026; (unknown volume):(unknown pages). doi: 10.1038/s41746-026-02705-3